Living with VACTERL Association

Spinal and Musculoskeletal Problems

Congenital vertebral anomalies can lead to a range of spinal and musculoskeletal complications throughout life. Common vertebral malformations include:

• Hemivertebrae – where only half of a vertebra develops

• Missing or fused vertebrae – which can affect spinal alignment and growth

• Scoliosis – abnormal sideways curvature of the spine

• Kyphosis – forward rounding of the spine

• Kyphoscoliosis – a combination of scoliosis and kyphosis

Severity varies widely. Some individuals have mild spinal curvature, while others may develop progressive deformities that affect posture, breathing, mobility, or nerve function. As adults, these vertebral abnormalities may contribute to:

• Chronic back pain

• Early spinal degeneration or arthritis

• Progression of scoliosis or kyphosis

• Reduced mobility and flexibility with age

• Nerve compression in some cases

These problems may worsen over time because of normal ageing and increasing mechanical stress on the spine.

Monitoring and Management

Ongoing monitoring is often required and may include:

• Regular orthopaedic follow-up to assess spinal curvature and posture

• Assessment for worsening back pain, mobility issues, or functional limitations

• Imaging studies if symptoms progress or deformity worsens

Management may involve:

• Physiotherapy and exercises to maintain mobility and strength

• Pain management strategies

• Multidisciplinary care involving orthopaedics, neurosurgery, pulmonology, and physical therapy

• Surgical intervention in selected cases where deformity or symptoms progress significantly.